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Offlinelifemaker
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Registered: 10/15/10
Posts: 18
Last seen: 14 years, 3 months
Re: Understanding soil nutrients [Re: SpaceMonkey]
    #489850 - 10/20/10 05:39 PM (14 years, 4 months ago)

slight revision so this gem isn't obsolete for folk with a hard time understanding the mechanics behind nutrients but who bare great interest in their own specimens and would benefit greatly from minimal observational skills and timely reactions.





Understanding Soil Nutrients for Chem Flunkees and Lazy individuals


...NPK?/20-20-20??  important nutrients available in plant food:




-NITROGEN  (Vegetating? Here's "N")

Functions in the Plant:

Important constituent of the chlorophyll molecule.

Deficiency Symptoms:

Stunting of the plant.

Yellow appearance.

Chlorosis beginning at leaf tips and extending back along leaf blade.

Lower leaves show symptoms first.

Factors Effecting Deficiency:

*All crops except legumes require additional nitrogen beyond natural sources to

produce maximum yields.

Natural Supply Sources:

Organic matters

Water (Irrigation and/or rainfall)

Livestock manures



-PHOSPHOROUS  (Flowering? Here's "P")

Function in Plant:

Storage and transfer of energy obtained by photosynthesis and metabolism of

carbohydrates (ATP/ADP)

Essential component of coenzymes in plants which are involved in electron

transport reactions.

Deficiency Symptoms:

Stunting.

Delayed maturity.

Factors Effecting Deficiency:

Soil pH, greatest availability between 6.0 - 7.5.

Soil microorganisms - more abundant in higher organic matter soils.

Natural Supply Source:

Organic matter

Minerals



-POTASSIUM  (Vegetating? You remember "N." Here's "K")

Functions in the Plant:

Activator of enzyme systems.

Plays important role in photosynthesis.

*Necessary for normal lignin and cellulose development, which gives strength and

stiffness to plants.

Deficiency Symptoms:

Marginal burn on leaves begins at the tip and extends back along margin.

Shows up on older leaves first.

May see poor brace root development,

Plants more prone to lodging.

Seeds and fruits shriveled.

Factors Effecting Deficiency:

Lack of soil moisture.

Water logged soils.

Low pH soils.

Recently limed soils (calcium has been shown to compete with K+).

Natural Supply Sources:

Disintegration and decomposition of rocks containing potassium-bearing

minerals.



...Did those work out for you? Try learning a little abuot trace elements and what they do:



-CALCIUM  (Need those buds a little earlier than intended? Not gonna happen with just an element. But in the microscopic realm this stuff helps.)

Important role in soil texture by aggregating colloidal clay and humus particles.

Deficiency Symptoms:

Retarded growth of terminal bud.

Grass crops - leaves fail to unroll.

Stunted roots.

Factors Effecting Deficiency

Coarse textured sandy soils with low CEC and low pHs.

Conditions impairing the root growth will reduce uptake of Ca.

Natural Supply Source:

Different types of minerals, such as feldspars, amphibole, pyroxene, dolomite,

calcite, apatite and gypsum.



-MAGNESIUM  (You already got some "P" in your plans, might as well take advantage of it.)

Function in Plant:

Most important role is the formation of chlorophyll.

Regulates uptake of other plant nutrients, especially phosphorous.

SULFUR

Functions in the Plant:

Component of glycosides involved in respiration.

Deficiency Symptoms:

Stunting of plant.

Plants will have a light green color (resembles nitrogen deficiency).

Factors Effecting Deficiency

Sandy soils.

Low organic matter soils.

Natural Supply Source:

Organic matter is the primary source.



-ZINC  (Vegetating?/Not using much P? Is your pH like you(a little too high)?)

Functions in Plant:

Component of several respiratory enzymes and other enzymes.

Forms covalent bonds with nitrogen and sulfur.

Influence electron transfer reactions subsequently on energy production in plant.

Deficiency Symptoms:

Plant will be stunted.

Severely affected plants may show chlorosis on all leaves.

Symptoms usually occur within first 2 weeks after emergence.

Factors Effecting Deficiency:

Acid, sandy soils low in zinc.

High pH, calcareous soils.

High levels of phosphorous availability.

Natural Supply Source:

Most available is associated with organic matter.



-IRON  (Is your pH down low?)

Functions in the Plant:

Chlorophyll synthesis

Factors Effecting Deficiency:

High pH soils - increase in pH decreases solubility of ferrous and ferric iron.

Low organic matters.

Wet soils (poor drainage).

Natural Supply Sources:

Organic matter.

Livestock manure.



-MANGANESE  (Likes low pH as well)

Functions in Plant:

Activator of many enzymes, component of enzymes.

*Can be toxic to plants in high amounts.

Deficiency Symptoms:

Interveinal chlorosis of young leaves.

General stunting.

Similar to iron deficiencies.

Factors Effecting Deficiency:

Humid areas with high organic matter soils.

Soils that have been drained and cropped.

High pH, calcareous soils.

Natural Supply Sources:

Weathering of primary minerals.



-COPPER  (work out the rest for yourself.)

Functions in Plants:

Mainly associated with enzymes.

Deficiency Symptoms:

Pale yellow color of newer leaves.

Die back of newer leaves.

Early wilting.

Most frequent in young plants.

Factors Effecting Deficiency

Solubility of copper compounds like iron and zinc tends to decrease sharply as pH

increases.

High organic matter soils such as peat or mulch soils are more susceptible to

deficiency than mineral soils.

Natural Supply Sources:

Mainly sulfide minerals.



-MOLYBDENUM

Functions in Plant:

Activator for enzymes, reduction of nitrates.

Necessary for symbiotic fixation of nitrogen.

Deficiency Symptoms:

Uniform chlorosis of whole plant.

Extreme curling of leaves which give “whip tail” effect.

Factors Effecting Deficiency:

More severe under dry soil conditions.

Soil pH availability increases with increasing pH.

Natural Supply Source"

Primary and secondary minerals.



-BORON

Functions in the Plant:

Cell elongation and development.

Deficiency Symptoms:

Mild deficiencies show up as mainly reduced flowering and seed set.

More severe deficiencies produce shortening of the internodes in the upper

portions of the plant.

Upper leaves become rosetted and turn yellow on most of the leaf surface.

Factors Effecting Deficiency:

Low organic matters.

Overliming acid soils to pH levels above 7.5.

Natural Supply Source:

Organic matter.



-CHLORINE

Functions in the Plant:

Effects hydration of plant tissue.

Involved in photochemical reactions in photosynthesis.

Deficiency Symptoms:

Severe deficiency shows chlorosis and necrosis of leaf areas.

Wilted leaf tips.

Natural Supply Source:

Soluble salts (particularly sodium chloride).

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